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Global trade tensions, continued
uncertainty and rising prospects for a no-deal Brexit are sapping the
strength of the world economy, which faces a “precarious” 2020, the
International Monetary Fund warned on Tuesday.
Trade conflicts are undercutting investment and weakening manufacturing,
and the IMF urged countries to avoid using tariffs to resolve their
differences.
In the quarterly update of its World Economic Outlook, the IMF trimmed the
global forecast issued in April by 0.1 percentage point this year and next,
with growth expected to hit 3.2 percent in 2019 and 3.5 percent in 2020.
But the report sounded the alarm, saying things could easily go wrong.
“Global growth is sluggish and precarious, but it does not have to be this
way, because some of this is self-inflicted,” IMF chief economist Gita
Gopinath told reporters.
“Dynamism in the global economy is being weighed down by prolonged policy
uncertainty as trade tensions remain heightened despite the recent US-China
trade truce… and the prospects of a no-deal Brexit have increased,” she
said at a briefing in Santiago, Chile.
Gopinath warned that the recovery seen next year “is precarious” because
“close to 70 percent of the increase relies on an improvement in the growth
performance in stressed emerging market and developing economies and is
therefore subject to high uncertainty.”
However, the United States, which is at the center of most of the trade
tensions, saw one of the rare upgrades in the report, as it got a short-term
boost from strong economic growth in the early part of the year.
The IMF raised the US GDP forecast by three-tenths of a percentage point to
2.6 percent for 2019, but weakening demand, in part due to the trade
conflicts and tariffs, points to “slowing momentum over the rest of the
year.”
US economic growth is expected to slow to 1.9 percent in 2020.
China, which is the main target of US trade actions, was already
experiencing a slowdown. But “the negative effects of escalating tariffs and
weakening external demand have added pressure,” the report said. A sudden
slowdown in China is a key risk to the world economy.
The report downgraded Chinese growth by a tenth of a point this year and
next, to 6.2 percent and 6.0 percent.
The IMF cautioned that there is an abundance of “potential triggers” for
the situation to turn negative quickly, including the possibility of more US
tariffs on China or on European autos, as well as a no-deal Brexit and high
debt levels in many countries.
“While the tensions abated in June, durable agreements to resolve
differences remain subject to possibly protracted and difficult
negotiations,” the report said.
Gopinath repeated the IMF calculation showing that the combined effect of
tariffs imposed last year and potential tariffs threatened in May between the
United States and China could reduce global GDP in 2020 by 0.5 percent.
The latest forecast was once again full of downgrades, with small downward
revisions for Germany and Japan, but much larger cuts for Brazil, Mexico,
Russia, India and South Africa — countries that were the engine for global
growth in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis.
The IMF again stressed that resolving uncertainty remains the most pressing
issue for the global economy and said governments should avoid “policy
missteps” that could have “a severely debilitating effect on sentiment,
growth and job creation.”
And “countries should not use tariffs to target bilateral trade balances,”
the report said, while recognizing that “trade disputes may be symptoms of
deeper frustration with gaps in the rules-based multilateral trading system.”
President Donald Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping in June agreed to a
truce in their trade hostilities.
US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer is set to lead a delegation to
China on Monday for the first face-to-face meeting since talks collapsed in
May, according to media reports.
Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross said the “overriding objective” is to get a
good deal, which “is much more important than exact timing.”
(BSS/AFP)
